The first and second volumes of a compilation of discourses by Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, on adhering to deepening reform comprehensively have been published.
Compiled by the Institute of Party History and Literature of the CPC Central Committee, the two volumes published by the Central Party Literature Press are available nationwide.
The first volume features a collection of 73 important works by Xi expounding on deepening reform comprehensively between December 2012 and December 2018. The second volume contains a compilation of 92 pieces from January 2019 to April 2025, some of which were published for the first time.
Xi's new thoughts, viewpoints and conclusions have provided clear answers to major questions such as why reform should be comprehensively deepened in the new era and how to advance such reform.
They serve as important guidance for further deepening reform comprehensively and for advancing the building of a great country and the great cause of national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.
The fourth volume of a compilation of Xi Jinping's views on strengthening and revitalizing the Chinese armed forces has been published, according to an official statement.
The Central Military Commission recently issued a circular, calling on the entire armed forces to earnestly organize the study and use of the book.
Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday called on China and the European Union (EU) to provide more stability and certainty for the world through steady and sound China-EU relations.
Xi made the remarks when meeting with President of the European Council Antonio Costa and President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen, who are here for the 25th China-EU Summit in Beijing.
Noting that this year marks the 50th anniversary of China-EU diplomatic ties, and the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, Xi said China-EU relations have come to another critical juncture in history.
He said over the past 50 years, China and the EU have achieved fruitful outcomes in exchanges and cooperation, delivering mutual success and worldwide benefits, and an important understanding and insight is that the two sides should respect each other, seek commonality while reserving differences, uphold openness and cooperation, and pursue mutual benefit.
These are also important principles and the right direction for China-EU relations in the future, Xi said. Faced with accelerating global transformation not seen in a century and a changing and turbulent world, Chinese and EU leaders should once again demonstrate vision and leadership, and make the right strategic choices that will meet people's expectations and stand the scrutiny of history, he added.
Xi underscored the importance for China and the EU, both constructive forces for multilateralism and openness and cooperation, to strengthen communication, enhance trust and deepen cooperation in a more challenging and complex international situation, in order to provide more stability and certainty for the world through steady and sound China-EU relations.
Both as "big guys" in the international community, China and the EU should keep their bilateral relationship growing in the right direction, and work together to usher it into an even brighter next 50 years, he said.
Chinese Premier Li Qiang on Friday presided over a State Council executive meeting, where attendees were briefed on the current progress of flood and drought prevention and control efforts, as well as the work plan for the next stage.
The executive meeting also reviewed and approved interim measures for natural disaster investigation and evaluation, while announcing steps to gradually implement free pre-school education.
As China enters a key phase of flood prevention, the meeting urged all relevant departments to strengthen coordination and collaboration to help the country safely navigate the flood season.
Ensuring people's safety should remain the top priority of all work, the meeting emphasized, calling for efforts to enhance monitoring and warning systems for emergencies and improve risk management in key areas, projects and vulnerable points.
For drought-affected areas, it is important to guarantee adequate irrigation for crops and secure drinking water supplies, the meeting emphasized.
While emphasizing the importance of investigating and evaluating natural disasters, the meeting stressed the need to enhance capabilities in disaster prevention, reduction, and relief.
The meeting underscored the gradual implementation of free pre-school education as an important initiative that would benefit the public, urging local governments to develop specific plans and prepare related subsidies.
For children whose families face economic difficulties, who are orphans, or who have physical challenges, relevant departments should ensure the alignment of supportive measures and guarantee that their bottom-line needs are met, according to the meeting.
It is also important to accelerate the construction of related infrastructure, improve wages for kindergarten teachers, and safeguard both the physical and psychological wellbeing of kindergarten children, the meeting noted.
China is taking concrete steps to introduce free preschool education, as part of broader efforts to ease rising child care costs for young families amid mounting demographic challenges facing the country.
The move follows a commitment China made during its annual legislative session earlier this year to gradually implement free preschool education nationwide.
In its latest directive, which was issued on Friday, the central government has urged local governments to draw detailed implementation plans swiftly, and to allocate necessary subsidies.
It has also emphasized the need to expand preschool infrastructure, raise the salaries and welfare of kindergarten teachers, and improve support for children's physical and mental well-being.
The prospect of free preschool has drawn praise from parents. Ms. Tan, a working mother in Beijing whose 3-year-old daughter is set to enter kindergarten this fall, described the policy as a timely "gift." If fully implemented, she said, it could save her family at least 9,000 yuan (1,260 U.S. dollars) a year.
Kindergarten costs in China vary widely by region and type. In Beijing, public preschools typically charge less than 10,000 yuan a year, though competition for places can be fierce. Tuition at private kindergartens ranges from a few hundred to several thousand U.S. dollars per month.
China currently provides nine years of compulsory education, covering primary and middle school. This system, which has been in place since 1986, ensures that all school-age children receive basic education. The ongoing push to make preschool education free is seen as a meaningful step to extend that guarantee to younger children.
"The policy would reduce the financial burden of childrearing and education further, potentially encouraging more families to have children," said Song Jian, deputy director of the Population Development Studies Center at Renmin University of China.
Beyond easing the financial burden on families, education experts said the policy could help bridge disparities in early childhood education between urban and rural areas, and among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds.
"It gives every child a fairer start in life, laying a stronger foundation for future academic and personal development," said Gao Bingcheng, an associate researcher at the China National Academy of Educational Sciences.
According to the latest data from China's Ministry of Education, there were 253,000 kindergartens nationwide in 2024, at which a total of 35.8 million children were enrolled.
While kindergarten typically begins at the age of 3 in China, authorities are now also turning their attention to infants and toddlers, who have traditionally been cared for at home.
As part of a broader effort to support families, the government is ramping up nursery care services for children under 3, aiming to relieve the pressures on working parents and improve early childhood development.
According to guidelines released in early July which focus on expanding affordable child care, China plans to offer 4.5 child care places per 1,000 people by the end of 2025, adding 660,000 new subsidized places.
For parents like Tan, the availability of affordable day care for children under 3 is a decisive factor in family planning. "It's a key consideration in whether or not I have a second child," she said.
Thanks to increased government investment, more subsidized nursery spaces and programs are now available, offering families like Tan's greater access and affordability.
Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in Beijing on Tuesday.
Xi once again congratulated Albanese on his re-election. He said that with the joint efforts of both sides, China-Australia relations have emerged from their low point and achieved a turnaround in recent years, bringing tangible benefits to the people of both countries.
The most important insight this gives us is that treating each other as equals, seeking common ground while shelving differences, and engaging in mutually beneficial cooperation serve the fundamental interests of both China and Australia and the two peoples, Xi said.
Noting that the China-Australia comprehensive strategic partnership has entered its second decade, Xi said China stands ready to work with Australia to further advance their relations for sound development to bring greater benefits to the two peoples.
In response to an inquiry on that the so-called "mainland affairs council" in the Taiwan island asked the mainland to explain and apologize for Chinese embassy staff in the Czech Republic "attacking" Hsiao Bi-khim during her visit to Czech Republic, Chen Binhua, a spokesperson for the State Council Taiwan Affairs Office, said on Wednesday that we have always clearly opposed any form of official exchanges between countries having diplomatic ties with China and the Taiwan region, and firmly opposed relevant country providing a political stage for "Taiwan independence" separatists.
Relevant countries should abide by the one-China principle and not be provoked and exploited by "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, said Chen, noting that Chinese diplomats have always abided by the laws and regulations of the host countries.
The so-called "attack" incident hyped up by the relevant countries and the DPP authorities is made up and reverses right and wrong. The DPP authorities have once again maliciously hyped up the topic in order to incite hostile confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, said Chen.
Chen also warned the DPP authorities that no matter how many times they repeat their lies, they will not come true, and the continuous farce will only bring shame upon themselves.
China's first composite wind tunnel dedicated to aerodynamic research of low-altitude aircraft was officially completed and put into operation in Guangzhou, South China's Guangdong Province on Wednesday, filling a critical infrastructure gap between laboratory research and real-world scenario validation for low-altitude aircraft.
The wind tunnel, developed by the Guangdong Aerospace Research Academy (GARA) in Guangzhou's Nansha district marks a significant breakthrough in building foundational scientific research platforms for the low-altitude economy in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Science and Technology Daily reported on Thursday.
A wind tunnel is a large experimental platform that generates controlled airflow to simulate the flight conditions. Through wind tunnel experiments, researchers can conduct in-depth study of the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft and optimize their control performance. It is a critical step before an aircraft can fly, according to the China Central Television.
Compared to outdoor testing, wind tunnel experiments offer shorter testing cycles and lower costs, the Science and Technology Daily reported.
"Wind tunnel testing works by fixing the aircraft in place and generating airflow to create relative motion, allowing for precise measurement of various technical parameters as if the aircraft were flying in the sky," explained Sun Liangbao, head of wind tunnel technology at the GARA. Sun noted that the new tunnel will play a key role in verifying aircraft wind resistance and safety, according to the Science and Technology Daily.
This wind tunnel integrates both the traditional aviation wind tunnel and the windshaper for drone testing, making it the first 4.5-meter-class wind tunnel in China dedicated to aerodynamic testing of low-altitude aircraft. It will provide low-altitude aircraft developers with efficient and convenient "on-the-doorstep" testing services, reducing the time from coordination to the completion of experiment to just three to four months. This is expected to significantly cut R&D costs and accelerate the commercialization of technological breakthroughs.
GARA also plans to establish the "Bay Area No.1" wind tunnel test data sharing platform for aircraft and will continue to work jointly with low-altitude aircraft R&D institutions, universities and enterprises to tackle key technologies and build a standardized wind tunnel testing system for low-altitude aircraft, according to media reports.
At Guling (Kuliang), a mountain retreat in Fuzhou, East China's Fujian Province, where American and Chinese families once lived as neighbors, the stories shared by the "Kuliang Friends," a group founded by descendants of American families who once lived in Kuliang, and the Sino-American Aviation Heritage Foundation reveal a century-old bond that transcends time and politics. Against the backdrop of today's complex China-US relations, their legacy offers a powerful lesson: Only through dialogue can friendship be nurtured.
Memories of touching stories
Recently, a story-sharing event of the " Kuliang Friends" was held in Kuliang, bringing together people from both sides to share precious historical photographs, books and materials, recounting stories that highlighted the power of cross-cultural understanding, respect and resonance in today's complex world.
Margaret Carmichael, a descendant of Lydia Trimble, shared the story of Trimble at the event. Trimble grew up poor in Canada and decided to become a missionary in China. At 24, she set sail for China, determined to fit in. She promised never to speak English to the Chinese and learned the local dialect, as well as Putonghua. Traveling across villages, she found many girls lacked education, so she taught them five powerful words: "I can and I will."
Within a few years, Trimble helped open many schools and trained local women to become teachers. She founded Hwa Nan College in Fuzhou, one of China's first schools for young women. She spent 50 years working there and later wrote, "I love the Chinese people. I am Chinese."
Thomas Hemenway, also a member of the "Kuliang Friends," visited Minqing county in Fuzhou on July 13 to trace the footsteps of his ancestor, Dr Ruth Hemenway. Touching the weathered bricks at Minqing Liudu Hospital, Thomas said, "I'm so proud and excited to stand where my ancestor once served."
In 1924, 30-year-old Ruth Hemenway traveled from Massachusetts to China, becoming the hospital's second director. She introduced advanced medical techniques, expanded facilities and brought modern amenities like running water, electricity and telephones - a rarity in rural Minqing at the time. Under her leadership, the hospital also pioneered surgical procedures in the region.
A heartfelt moment occurred when Thomas met Huang Yao, the granddaughter of Huaxing, a Chinese girl whom Ruth had adopted. For years, Huang Yao had pieced together fragments of family history, longing to reconnect with Ruth's American relatives. Across the Pacific, Thomas had also been searching. Over a year ago, they found each other online, sharing stories buried by decades. "It's like a dream," Thomas said.
The "Kuliang Friends" was founded in 2016 by Elyn MacInnis, a tireless advocate for China-US people-to-people ties. Over the years, MacInnis has collected more than 200 historical photographs, over 100,000 words of archival materials, and built the first English-language website dedicated to Kuliang. She also helped identify people in old photographs using artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and reconnected descendants of families who once lived in the village, media reported.
In recognition of her contributions, MacInnis was honored with the Friendship Envoy Award of the 2025 Orchid Awards in Beijing. Upon receiving the award, she said, "I have spent much of my life building bridges of friendship between China and the US. The bridges are not made of steel or stone — they are built from warm, kindhearted people," reported China.org.cn.
At the event in Kuliang, MacInnis reflected on China-US exchanges, saying "I think it's a wonderful continuation of a long story. It's only when we have dialogue that we can be friends."
'Together, the Americans and the Chinese win'
Upon the gathering of Chinese and US delegates in Fuzhou, Global Times reporters spoke with Jeffrey Greene, chairman of the Sino-American Aviation Heritage Foundation, who shared touching stories of the Flying Tigers who helped the Chinese people fight the invading Japanese troops in the 1940s.
On December 20, 1941, the American Volunteer Group of the Chinese Air Force, led by US General Claire Lee Chennault, successfully defended Kunming, Southwest China's Yunnan Province, downing several Japanese bombers and halting further attacks there for a year and a half. Greene, also a descendant of Flying Tigers veteran, recalled. "The Chinese named them Flying Tigers, inspired by folklore symbolizing their invincibility," he told the Global Times.
Greene highlighted the profound sacrifices made by Chinese civilians to support the American airmen. "You talk to American pilots who were here with the ground crew, and they all talk about the eggs. They remember the eggs 80 years ago. Those were the Chinese villagers who gave up their eggs, even cutting back on the eggs they gave to their children so the American pilots could have them. That's extraordinary," Greene said.
Beyond food, Chinese civilians risked their lives to rescue downed American airmen. Greene noted that over 93 percent of American airmen who landed in China after being shot down were rescued by Chinese locals, despite the threat of Japanese retaliation. These acts of courage and sacrifice forged a deep bond between the Chinese people and the Flying Tigers, making them a symbol of hope and resistance.
"It's a message of great courage. It's a message of sacrifice, and it's a message of love," Greene said. "That remarkable relationship shows that together, the Americans and the Chinese won. It's a voice from history speaking to us, saying that America and China, when they fight for something together, they're going to win. That's what history has taught us."
The Sino-American Aviation Heritage Foundation continues to honor this legacy through educational programs and exhibitions. The Flying Tiger Friendship School Program, launched last year, brought 70 American students to China in 2024 and plans to bring 200 more in 2025. It also engages Chinese students from 100 top schools through cultural exchanges, video conferencing and historical education.
"American media often doesn't know much about China, and that has led to misunderstandings," Greene said, noting that the foundation's work aims to share true historical narratives to encourage mutual respect and curiosity.
"Our [American] kids who come here are very interested in learning and meeting Chinese kids their own age. Once they do that, once they make a friend, they'll say, 'he's not my enemy. I had a good time with him. We drank soda and played computer games together, and we found out how much we're alike.' We have more commonalities than differences," Greene noted.
When asked to comment on reports that a growing number of foreign vessels have recently flown the Chinese national flag while transiting the Strait of Hormuz to avoid being targeted, and on analysts' views that China's consistent adherence to fairness, justice and win-win cooperation has contributed to the safety of Chinese ships in the Middle East, Jiang Bin, a spokesperson for China's Ministry of National Defense, said that justice resides in people's hearts.
China will continue to stand on the side of peace, justice and the right course of history, contributing stability and positive energy to the safeguarding of regional and global peace, he said.
